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诗歌回响〡威·巴·叶芝【英国】:一九一六年复活节


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1916年4月24日,爱尔兰共和兄弟会在都柏林发动起义,反对英国统治,成立爱尔兰共和国,惨遭英军镇压,殉难者中颇多叶芝的朋友。受英国当局暴行的刺激以及起义者英勇精神的感染,叶芝放下了与朋友的个人恩怨和思想分歧,收回了他对暴力革命的怀疑态度,开始歌颂起义者对民族主权的坚定捍卫,对民族独立事业的悲壮贡献。在《一九一六年复活节》这首诗里,叶芝不断重复“一种可怖的美已经诞生”,意在提醒世人,那些我们认为有意义或“美丽”的历史时刻往往是充满杀戮、血流成河的恐怖时刻。



北爱尔兰演员连姆·尼森(Liam Neeson)朗诵《一九一六年复活节》




Easter, 1916

一九一六年复活节

By William Yeats


威廉•叶芝著  袁可嘉译




I have met them at close of day  


Coming with vivid faces


From counter or desk among grey  


Eighteenth-century houses.


I have passed with a nod of the head  


Or polite meaningless words,  


Or have lingered awhile and said  


Polite meaningless words,


And thought before I had done  


Of a mocking tale or a gibe  


To please a companion


Around the fire at the club,  


Being certain that they and I  


But lived where motley is worn:  


All changed, changed utterly:  


A terrible beauty is born.







日暮时分我看见他们


带着活泼的神采,


从灰暗的十八世纪房子,


从柜台、办公桌走出来。


我走过去,点一点头,


说些无意义的客套,


或逗留一会,说几句


无意义的话,表示礼貌;


交谈未完,我已想到


讽刺故事或挖苦话,


好在俱乐部炉火一旁


逗朋友们乐一下。


我相信,他们和我一样,


不过在小丑之乡营生:


一切都变了,彻底变了:


一种可怖的美已经诞生。


 





That woman's days were spent  


In ignorant good-will,


Her nights in argument


Until her voice grew shrill.


What voice more sweet than hers  


When, young and beautiful,  


She rode to harriers?


This man had kept a school  


And rode our wingèd horse;  


This other his helper and friend  


Was coming into his force;


He might have won fame in the end,  


So sensitive his nature seemed,  


So daring and sweet his thought.


This other man I had dreamed


A drunken, vainglorious lout.


He had done most bitter wrong


To some who are near my heart,  


Yet I number him in the song;


He, too, has resigned his part


In the casual comedy;


He, too, has been changed in his turn,  


Transformed utterly:


A terrible beauty is born.




那个女人①大白天


办事凭愚昧的好心肠,


到晚上则与人争辩


直到嗓门嘶嘶响;


当她年轻又漂亮,


追捕野兔骑着马,


没谁的嗓子赛过她。


这男子②办了一所学校,


他骑着我们的天马,


那一位③是他助手和朋友,


他的部队他参加;.


也许他最终把名望争到,


他脾性善感多愁,


他思想大胆而美好。


另一个④,我曾认为


是个酒鬼,爱虚荣的蠢人,


他对我那位心爱者,


干过最痛心的恶行。


但我在歌中还要提到他,


他也从偶然的喜剧里,


把自己的角色辞掉,⑤


轮到他,他也变了样,


彻底改变了:


一种可怖的美已经诞生。




①  指麦克显维奇伯爵夫人(1868—1927),她参加起义,被判死刑,后改为长期监禁。


②  指帕特利克·皮尔斯(1879—1916),起义军领袖,被处极刑。


③  指托马斯·麦克唐纳(1878—1916),诗人兼剧作家。


④  指约翰·麦克布拉特上校,毛特·戈尼之夫。起义时,他们已分居多年。


从上至下,从左至右:麦克显维奇伯爵夫人、帕特利克·皮尔斯、托马斯·麦克唐纳、约翰·麦克布拉特上校。




Hearts with one purpose alone  


Through summer and winter seem  


Enchanted to a stone


To trouble the living stream.


The horse that comes from the road,  


The rider, the birds that range  


From cloud to tumbling cloud,  


Minute by minute they change;  


A shadow of cloud on the stream  


Changes minute by minute;  


A horse-hoof slides on the brim,  


And a horse plashes within it;  


The long-legged moor-hens dive,  


And hens to moor-cocks call;  


Minute by minute they live:  


The stone's in the midst of all.




众心灵只怀一个目标,


经过一夏又一冬,


似乎中邪成岩石,


使活跃的河水不动。


从大路过来的马匹,


骑马者和从云霞


飞向云霞翻滚的鸟


一分一秒地变化;


落在河水中的云影


一分一秒地改变,


一只马蹄从水边滑落,


一匹马拍打于水间;


长脚母松鸡往下冲,


对着公松鸡啼鸣,


一分一秒地活着,


岩石居于一切的中心。


 





Too long a sacrifice


Can make a stone of the heart.  


O when may it suffice?


That is Heaven's part, our part  


To murmur name upon name,  


As a mother names her child  


When sleep at last has come  


On limbs that had run wild.  


What is it but nightfall?


No, no, not night but death;  


Was it needless death after all?


For England may keep faith  


For all that is done and said.  


We know their dream; enough


To know they dreamed and are dead;  


And what if excess of love  


Bewildered them till they died?  


I write it out in a verse—


MacDonagh and MacBride  


And Connolly and Pearse


Now and in time to be,


Wherever green is worn,


Are changed, changed utterly:  


A terrible beauty is born.





1916年复活节起义袖章




历时太久的牺牲


能使心硬如岩石,


哦,何时牺牲算到头?      


那要上帝来回答。


我们只能把人名轻唤,


如母亲叫唤孩儿名,


当睡眠终于来临,


使撒野的四肢安静。    .


难道这就是夜晚降临?


不,不,这不是夜而是死;


难道这不是多余的死?


英国也许会恪守信义,


不管她说过、做过什么事⑥


我们深知他们的梦想,


知道他们做过梦,已去世,


也就够了,兴许是过度的爱


使他们迷乱而致死?


我要在诗中写道——


麦克唐纳和麦克布拉特,


康诺利和皮尔斯,


今天和未来的日子,


凡悬挂绿色标帜之城⑦,


他们都变了,彻底变了:


一种可怖的美已经诞生。




⑤ “偶然的喜剧”,指起以前的爱尔兰的平庸生活。意思是说,他也摆脱了无聊的生活,投入起义时的悲剧。


⑥英国政府曾允诺爱尔兰有自治权。


⑦爱尔兰人习惯以绿色作为民族喜庆的标志。




作者介绍






威廉·勃特勒·叶芝(W. B. Yeats1865—1939),爱尔兰诗人和剧作家,生于爱尔兰都柏林,曾参加并领导爱尔兰文艺复兴运动。1923年,获诺贝尔文学奖。



原载于《世界文学》1988年第4期


版权所有,如需转载请经公众号责编授权。




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